Milk
is a wholesome diet that both vegetarian and non-vegetarian people consume.
There are various nutrients inside milk such as lactose, protein, fat, calcium
and other vitamins. There are two types of proteins in milk, whey protein and
casein protein. Casein protein is also found in two forms: alpha casein and
beta casein.
However,
beta-casein is also found in two forms; A1 and A2 type. Research by some
scientists has shown that A1 type of milk has been found to be associated with
heart diseases of the heart. This evidence was found in an animal research that
rabbits were given beta-casein A2 in which the amount of cholesterol and
thickness of the articular vein got less than those rabbits who were fed
beta-casein A1. From this it was concluded that A2 is good milk. Same experiment
was done on humans by a scientist named Venn DJ in 2005, in which he fed 62
people in different groups A1 and A2 milk separately for 4 to 5 weeks. In this,
he did not find any facts in which it can be said that due to A1 or A2 milk there
was an impact on the amount of cholesterol in the blood.
What is the A1 and A2 dispute?
Beta-casein
is a main protein in milk of cow, buffalo and other animals. It has been
learned from various scientific researches that due to selective breeding and
mutation for more milk production, different variants of beta-casein have been
formed.
Today
we know about 15 different beta caseins. The most important of which are A1 and
A2. Beta-casein A1 is considered as bad or bad protein whereas there is a
difference of just 1 amino acid in A2 protein.
It
is important to know beta casein is a protein that is formed by the combination
of different amino acids, just as adding bricks to a wall. Amino acids can be
considered bricks and protein as the wall.
A1 protein
contains the amino acid called Histidine at 67th position, whereas A2 protein has
Prolene on that position. A1 beta casein gets digested into the stomach and
creates a new protein, which is biologically and physiologically active, which
is called beta-caazomorphin. This is considered to be the major factor behind
the A1 protein milk-related illnesses.
Is it true that the desi cow is A2 type and
foreign cow is A1 type?
Genomic
studies have shown that “Bos” genes in which native, foreign cows and yak fall initially
used to be A2-A2 type, but due to genetic mutation, some animals developed A1
type genes.
Later,
when the selective breeding started, the bulls that were selected for more milk
production and protein were inadvertently A1 types. Due to artificial
insemination this resulted in faster progeny of A1 cows.
Some
surveys have also found that A1 and A2 are area-specific without breed
specific, in North America and North Europe, the frequency of A1 in HF cows is
more than 90%, while the frequency of A2 in German HF is more than 97%.
Frequency
of A1 in HF breed in all other countries 40 to 65%. In Jersey breed, the
frequency of A2 is up to 80% whereas in Indian indigenous cows the frequency of
A2 is more than 98%.
So
it is not true that domestic cows should be favored more because the milk of
buffalo or goat is also 100% A2 type.
What do Indian scientists say about this
subject?
It
can be broadly said that almost all Indian scientists are unanimous on this
subject. NBAGR, which is established in the country by the ICAR, has been
working on this topic in Karnal since 2009. In its first report, it was stated
that the frequency of A2 in Indian cows is up to 98 percent and in some breeds
this is 100 percent and all buffaloes give A2 milk.
They
examined the foreign cows in India, which showed that they too have genes only
of A2 milk. In an article published in 2012, it was reported that cross breed
cows are mainly in the A2 gene category itself.
Does A1 milk cause heart diseases, blood
pressure, diabetes or other ailments?
All
these false rumors are spread in the media due to less information. First of
all, we have to understand that there is a difference between causal factor and
risk factor. A1 is not the cause of any disease, it can only increase the
apprehension of disease. Some surveys have seen a slight risk, but some people
made it a cause for illness.
This
controversy was started by Dr. Eliot Group in 1990, in which a paper was
published, in which deaths from diabetes and heart diseases were correlated
with the diet of those people. Those surveys saw very close links between heart
diseases and A1 beta casein, but at high altitude areas such as North America
and North Europe.
If
India was not a part of this study then its applications do not arise here.
There have always been questions on the authenticity of such a Area Restricted
Survey Study. And in this study it was also believed that on every person beta
casein had a similar exposure, which is not possible at all.
The
biggest problem in such surveys is the way they are interpreted. Industries,
media and scientists manipulate them as per their own interest and propagate
incorrect knowledge in the market. On the contrary, the glycemic index of rice
or wheat is more than milk but no one gives attention to it.
Scientists
say that no reliable evidence has been found so far that indicates that
drinking A1 milk may cause heart disease or diabetes.
A1 Milk In Indian Context
It
is a well-published fact that 99.9% of the milk available in Indian market is
A1-A2 types and as for A1 milk also Dr. Tracer and the European Food Safety
Authority published in 2009 that A1 milk is safe in every way.
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